Leonard Renatus

AINA ZA USHAIRI (BAHARI) Bahari;  hii ni aina mahususi ya  ushairi yenye sifa fulani kiumbo na pengine hata kimaudhui na kimatumizi na zinazoipambanua na aina nyingine ya ushairi. S.A Kibao (2003)  anasema, ushairi wa Kiswahili umegawanyika katika sehemu kuu tatu ambazo ni: shairi, utenzi na ngonjeara. Anaendelea kusema, aina zote hizi kanuni zake ni za pamoja isipokuwa utenzi ambao una mpangilio wa namna ya pekee. S. Robert na Amri Abeid (1954)  wanasema zipo bahari tatu tu za ushairi nazo ni:wimbo, shairi na utenzi. A.S. Nabhany na wenzake wameainisha bahari 13 za ushairi na kusema kuwa utungo wowote lazima uingie katika bahari mojawapo. Bahari hizo ni hizi zifuatazo: 1.        Ushairi;  Ni utenzi wenye mishororo minne na vipande  viwili kila msitari. Kila mstari una mizani 16 na kila kipande kina mizani 8. Maudhui yake yanatokana na jambo lolote lile analoliona mtunzi. 2.        Wimbo;  Ni utungo wenye mishororo mitatu kila ubeti na kila mshororo un

USHAIRI     NI    NINI ? Shaaban Robert katika uandishi wa ushairi ameandika Tenzi na mashairi ya kimapokeo. Tenzi : Ni aina ya mashairi ya kimapokeo wenye sifa zifuatazo: Kimaudhui ; Ni utungo wenye maudhui yanayosimulia kwa urefu tukio fulani maalum. Waweza kuwa wasifu wa mtu au jambo la kihistoria. Mfano; S. Robert ameandika utenzi wa vita vya Uhuru, ameeleza kuhusu historia. Pia katika Mapenzi Bora, ameeleza kuhusu sifa za mapenzi bora. Utenzi ni utungo wa pili kati tungo za ushairi zenye beti nyingi. Utungo wa kwanza unaoongoza kuwa na beti nyingi kuliko zote katika ushairi ni Tendi. Lakini hapa tutaangazia tenzi zaidi. Utenzi hauna mizani nyingi aghalabu mizani nane, hauna mshororo bali una nusu mshororo/kipande mstari. Vilevile katika utenzi kipande mstari hakigawiki. Pia katika kipande mshororo kuna vipande vinne kwa kila ubeti. Mistari mitatu ya kwanza huwa na vina vyenye urari na kipande mstari cha mwisho/cha nne huwa na kina tofauti na vipande vya mw

The term Geography is a combination of two Greek words: Geo and Graphein. Geo means Earth and Graphein means to write, draw or describe. These two words together form Geographia, which means to draw, write about or describe the Earth. These meanings led to the development of the early definition of geography which referred to description of the Earth by words, maps and statistics and included both the physical earth and everything found on it such as plants, animals and people. Therefore, Geography is the study of the distribution and interrelationship of phenomena in relation to the Earth surface. Alternatively,Geography can be described as the study of the Earth and its environment. BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY There are two branches of Geography, namely: Physical Geography - mainly concerned with land formation processes, weather and climate. Human and Economic Geography - involves the study of human activities on the Earth's surface Explain th