Causes of climatic changes and measures to overcome

UNIVERSITY OF IRINGA
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION
DEPARTIMENT OF EDUCATION

COURSE NAME:                    CLIMATOLOGY
COURSE CODE:                     GEO 121.
NAME OF INSTRUCTOR:    MWAMOTO (MS).
TYPE OF ASSIGNMENT:     INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT.
DATE DUE:                             8TH JULY, 2016.
NAME OF STUDENT:           LEONARD RENATUS, (BEDA-KG-16434).



QUESTION
Currently the world is witnessing climate change which resulted into many impact including losses of flora and fauna. Make a critical analysis why this happen and suggest possible measures to overcome the problem.


Climate is the description of the atmospheric condition which is recorded over a long period of time which can be above 30 years. It is determined by measuring or recording the behaviors of weathers elements within a long period of time. (Gates, E.S. 1972).
Climatic change refers to the change in global or regional climate Patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels. The climate change is caused by human activities and natural activities.
The following are the natural and artificial causes of current climatic change in the world:-
Agriculture activities is the one of the factor that contribute to the current climate change in the world. During the process of growing crops in the farm, many chemical are needed in order to make those crops to grow well. The process of spraying pesticides, those chemical emit into the atmosphere which lead into destruction of ozone layer hence global warming.
Industrial activities. Currently the world is experiencing many industries which are there for different productions. The plants and machine in the industries produces black soot which goes direct into the atmosphere. This soot contains gases like CO2, methane which affect the ozone layer and later on the world is experiencing global warming.
Automobiles also results into climate change since there are some automobiles which uses diesel in running engines. The cars and trucks that uses diesel in running engines, produces heavy smokes that contains dangerous gases which also go direct into the atmosphere and hence cause climatic of an area to change. This affects much to the developed countries like Japan, Germany and USA.
Volcanic eruption also is the one of the factor that causes the climatic to change. When the volcano erupts, there is the production of different gases that emitted from the earth’s crust like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and dust. Higher concentration of sculpture dioxide in the atmosphere the earth is becoming warmer than the rate of carbon dioxide concentration.
The use of nuclear bombs and atomic also is the factor for climate change. Some countries that are engaging in war like Russia and USA uses nuclear bombs and atomic bombs, that produces dangerous chemical into the atmosphere that cause ozone layer depletion. This is because, atomic and nuclear bombs when they are exploding they may lead into disappearance of vegetations. Example of this is that thrown by USA in Japan in Hiroshima and Nagasaki that caused drought up to date. Hence the cause of climate changes in the world.
Deforestation, the process of cutting down trees also cause the climate of an area to change since vegetations are the ones contribute to the rain formation. Therefore if there are no trees, meaning that there will be drought that will cause agriculture to decline. Hence the cause of current climatic change in the world.
Apart from causes of current climate change, the following are the possible measure to overcome the problem:-
Afforestation. People should engage themselves in planting trees that may enable purification of the world air simply because; trees provide gases that are needed by human being. Also trees are more important in the formation of rainfall by the process called evapotranspiration, where trees lose water through stomata pores. Hence the possible measure to be taken.
Technological fix, this is the one among of the measure to be taken. This is through reducing pollutants caused by science and technology especially the use of chemicals in industries which are dangerous in the environment. The industrialized countries like Japan, China, Germany and USA should sit down and discuss on how to reduce the uses of chemicals in industries as how they did in 2005 in United State of America. This will reduce the current climate change.
Establishment of by-laws; by-law should be established so as make people to be very attentive in using environment. People should be not cultivating near the water source simply because the chemicals that are used in farms are more dangerous when they are directed into water sources. Chemicals may lead into formation of acidic rainfall, after the rain to rain may result into destruction of plants which later on result into lack of precipitation.
Provision of education to the people; this at least will help to the reduction of this climatic change in the world. Education should be provided to the people on how to protect the environment especially vegetation, this is because many people in sub-Saharan countries engage themselves in charcoal burning which mostly affect the climate. People should be advised to use other source of power lather than depending in charcoal and firewood. (UNESCO, 1985)
Reduction of the numbers of domestic animals, some of the countries that are depend much on the animals agriculture like Argentina should reduce the number of animals simply because, domestic animals contributes 51 percent of global green house gases. Emission of gases like methane and nitrous oxide (from manure and urine) which goes direct into the atmosphere and destroy the ozone layer which result into global warming.
Partnering internationally. This is to engage in varieties of international to advance climate change science, monitor our environment and promote activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the countries established partnerships, provides, leadership and share technical expertise to support the activities. This is successful by forming multilateral partnership like SADEC, EU, AU and others alike. Hence the possible solution to be taken.
Finding alternative sources of energy instead of depending on charcoal and fuel wood. The alternative sources of energy are like solar energy, tidal power, and geothermal power. Through using these sources of energy, we shall reduce the emission of chemicals, harmful gases into the atmosphere simply because these sources of energy are friendlier to the environment.
Improving the combustion system in the engines so that the fuel can burn completely. When there is completely combustion of fuel, there will be little amount of gases emitted from the cars or industries. This will lead into atmosphere fresh since there will be small amount of ozone layer depletion. Hence the possible solution to be taken so as to reduce the problem of climate changes in the world.
Generally we should have to make sure that we reduce the amount of threats into the atmosphere so as to make our world to be in a safe condition. This is because, when we destruct the atmosphere we put our lives into trouble due to the negative impact that occur like brought, floods and others. These impacts lead into low production in agriculture, destruction of infrastructure like buildings, roads, and airport and water ports. Also it may lead into global warming, decrease of sea level and melting of ice.



REFFERENCES
D.T.Msabila. (2012): A Comprehensive Approach to Physical Geography. Nyambari Nyangwine Publishers, DSM.
Gates E.S. (1972). Meteorology and Climatology. London, Harrap.
UNESCO (1985). Evaluating Environmental Education. Practical guide for teachers. Paris.